Primavera School

LANGUAGE ARTS

Reading

Students learn and effectively apply a variety of reading strategies for comprehending, interpreting, and evaluating a wide range of texts including fiction, nonfiction, classic, and contemporary works.

• Students will use word recognition and decoding strategies such as phonetic skills, context clues, picture clues, structural analysis (prefixes, suffixes root words), and word order to comprehend written selections.
• Students will use reading and comprehension strategies such as drawing conclusions, summarizing, paraphrasing, making inferences and predictions, identifying cause and effect, and differentiating fiction from nonfiction.
• Students will identify facts and the main idea, identify the plot line, sequence events, define characters, and determine an author’s purpose and perspective in a range of traditional and contemporary literature.
• Students will analyze selections of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry for their literary elements such as character, setting, plot, sequence of events and organization of text.
• Students will read and comprehend, follow and evaluate real life information such as newspapers, signs, pamphlets, forms, and directions.
• Students will recognize the historical and cultural perspectives of literary selections, and compare the lives and experiences of characters in history to present-day individuals.

Writing

Students effectively use written language for a variety of purposes and with a variety of audiences.

• Students will use the writing process, including generating topics, prewriting/drafting, revising ideas and editing (self and peers), to complete effectively a variety of writing tasks.
• Students will use and understand correct spelling, punctuation, capitalization, grammar, word usage, paragraphing, and good penmanship in writing tasks.
• Students will write personal experience narratives or creative stories with purpose, logical sequence, and description to develop ideas.
• Students will gather, organize, report, and record accurately from a variety of sources, personal observations, and experiences such as science experiments, interviews, and field trips.
• Students will write well organized communications such as letters, posters, invitations, or plays for a specific audience and with a clear purpose.
• Students will write a summary that presents information clearly and accurately using their own words.
• Students will write a report that conveys a point of view using facts, details, examples, and descriptions
• Students will write a critique to a literary selection supported by examples from texts or experiences.
• Students will demonstrate research skills using reference materials such as a dictionary, encyclopedia, the Internet, and thesaurus to complete effectively a variety of writing tasks including selecting and using appropriate sources, paraphrasing and organizing information on note cards, and incorporating notes into a finished product.

Listening and Speaking

• Students will effectively listen and speak in situations serving different purposes.
• Students will prepare and deliver speeches, reports, interviews, and plays.
• Students will participate in group discussions and follow directions.
• Students will positively analyze and critique a speaker’s information and point of view

MATHEMATICS

Number Sense

Students develop number sense and use numbers and number relationships to acquire basic facts, to solve a wide variety of real-world problems, and to determine the reasonableness of results.

• Students will make models to identify, read, write, and order whole numbers to millions (ten digits), common fractions to twelfths and beyond, decimals to thousandths, and rational numbers (negatives, decimals, mixed numbers, and square roots).
• Students will use the above models using real world situations (e.g.. Roman numerals and other cultural number systems).
• Students will relate the basic arithmetic operations to one another using concrete or illustrative models (using symbols to compare numbers, more than, less than, equal to).
• Students demonstrate proficiency with the operations of addition and subtraction with regrouping using 4 digits and beyond.
• Students demonstrate proficiency with the operation of multiplication up to three digits, introduce double digit multiplication to four digits and beyond, and the multiplication of fractions.
• Students demonstrate proficiency with the operation of division by calculating single digit divisors with remainders, 2 digit divisors including decimals, decimal and fraction remainders, and dividing fractions.
• Students will calculate the above operations using contextual situations (e.g. rounding percentages, money).
• Students will develop and apply number theory concepts to represent numbers in various ways including odds, evens, primes, composites, factors and multiples to 100 and beyond and prime factorization, squares, and square roots.
• Students will implement numeral expressions including greatest common factors, least common multiples, reciprocals, mixed numbers, inverse operations, and order of operations.
• Students will represent and use numbers in equivalent forms including simple fractions and decimals and beyond, ratios and percents, and an introduction to scientific notation.
• Students will recognize the degree of precision needed in calculating a number and will apply appropriate strategy in calculating operations in mental math and estimating.

Data Analysis and Probability

Students use data collection and analysis, statistics, and probability to make valid inferences, decisions and arguments and to solve a variety of real-world problems.

• Students will collect, record, organize, identify, formulate questions, and interpret information using graphs, displays, charts, and tables.
• Students will construct bar graphs, circle graphs, line graphs, ordered pairs to four quadrant graphs, and Venn diagrams.
• Students will determine probabilities through experiments and/or simulations and compare the results with the mathematical expectation, predict and measure likelihood of events, and explore various outcomes.
• Students will use counting strategies to determine all possible outcomes of an event.

Patterns, Algebra, and Functions

Students use algebraic methods to explore, model and describe patterns, relationships and functions involving numbers, shapes, data and graphs within a variety of real-world problem-solving situations.

• Students will write and use number sentences to explore, model and describe patterns and functions involving numbers, shapes, data and graphs.
• Students will create, extend, identify, and predict using all senses and including appropriate use of symbols.

Geometry

Students use geometric methods, properties and relationships as a means to recognize, draw, describe, connect, and analyze shapes and representations in the physical world.

• Students will identify, draw, construct, and classify and compare two and three dimensional shapes and figures by names and attributes using arrays, tangrams, blocks, and geoboards.
• Students will identify properties of geometric figures with appropriate terminology including parallelism, perpendicularity, similarity and congruency.
• Students will measure, label, and specify angles, lines, arcs, rays, and circles using a protractor, straight edge, and compass.
• Students will find area, perimeter, volume, radius, diameter, and circumference.

Measurement and Discrete Mathematics

• Students will select and use appropriate units of measure for given characteristics of objects: length, capacity, volume, mass, weight, time, money, and temperature.
• Students will use U.S. customary, metric, and non standard measurements.
• Students will estimate and compare the above standards.
• Students will convert measurements to equivalents within a given system.

Mathematical Structure/Logic

Students use both inductive and deductive reasoning as they make conjectures and test the validity of arguments.

• Students will construct, use and explain procedures for computing and estimating with whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and integers.
• Students will use if . . . . . .  then statements to construct simple valid arguments.

SCIENCE

Science as Inquiry

Students will understand and use the processes of scientific investigation.

• Students will identify and use safe procedures in all science activities.
• Students will identify a question, formulate a hypothesis, devise experiments, predict outcomes, and compare and analyze results of experiments.
• Students will create a model that illustrates concepts or predicts changes and compare those models to what they represent.
• Students will organize and present data gathered from their own experiences using appropriate mathematical analysis and graphical representation.
• Students will describe relationships among parts of a familiar system (a bicycle, park, a clock).

History and Nature of Science

• Students will recognize that scientific contributions have been made by all kinds of people everywhere in the world (i.e. identify major milestones in science).
• Students will describe how science and technology are interrelated.
• Students will identify characteristics of scientific ways of thinking including the idea that some things will always be unknown.

Personal and Social Perspectives in Science and Technology

• Students will use simple technology (i.e. scales, magnifiers, computers, etc.).
• Students will identify how technology contributes to solving problems.
• Students will use scientific findings to contribute to the possible solutions to problems (i.e. water, pollution, etc.).

Life Science

• Students will describe and explain living systems, life cycles, basic structures of plants and animals including the human body.
• Students will identify characteristics of above.
• Students will construct classification systems based on the structure of organisms.
• Students will explain the interaction of living and non-living components within ecosystems.
• Students will understand how the environment affects species and diversification and how species affect the environment.

Physical Science

• Students will examine, describe, compare, measure, and classify objects and mixtures of substances based on common physical and chemical properties (e.g. states of matter, mass, volume, electrical charge, density, boiling points, pH, magnetism, solubility).
• Students will classify and describe matter in terms of elements, compounds, mixtures, atoms and molecules.
• Students will show that energy exists in many forms and can be transferred in many ways.
• Students will identify and predict what will change and what will remain unchanged when matter experiences an external force or energy change (e.g. boiling a liquid, comparing the force, distance and work involved in simple machines).
• Students will describe, measure and calculate characteristics (e.g. speed, distance, mass, force) of moving objects and their interactions within a system.

Earth and Space Science

• Students will describe and model the motion of earth in relation to the sun, including the concepts of day, night, season, and year.
• Students will describe common objects in the solar system and explain their relationships.
• Students will describe the composition (including the formation of minerals, rocks and soil) and the structure of the earth.
• Students will provide evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed.
• Students will explain how earth processes seen today, including erosion, movement of lithospheric plates, and changes in atmospheric composition, are similar to those that occurred in the past.

SOCIAL STUDIES

Map Skills

Students will use a variety of maps (globes, physical, political, relief,etc.) for different purposes. Map skills may include an understanding of:

• Cardinal grids and ordinal directions.
• Keys, legends, symbols, and colors.
• Compass rose and scale and elevation.
• Relationship of Arizona, United States, to the World.
• Explore features of Canada and Mexico.
• Locate as to hemisphere, continent, and country.
• Geographic terms for natural landforms.
• Identify imaginary lines such as longitude, latitude, equator, tropics, and zones.

Regions

• Continents, oceans, United States, North American countries.
• Landforms and Regions of Arizona including local geography.
• Landforms and Regions of the United States.
• Identify states and their major cities by location.
• Understand various economics by region.

History

Children will study the topic of EXPLORATION including the following:

• Native American leaders.
• Colonial America and American Revolution.
• Arizona natives and Spanish missionaries and explorers.
• European explorers in the United States.
•  U.S. Colonization, Revolution, Westward Expansion, and Civil War.

• Meanings, procedures, offices of national state and local laws and government.
• Meaning of democracy, freedom, and liberty.
• Sense of citizenship and respect.
• Respect for authority and people’s rights.
• Knowledge of state and local government including counties, cities, and offices.
• Knowledge of U.s. Constitution, branches of governbment and their function.
• Involvement in local community.

Climate and Environment

• Adaptation and effects on lifestyles in different regional climates.
• How climate effects the vegetation, natural resources, and people.
• Distribution of vegetation and natural resources.
• Understanding environmental problems and how they effect Arizona, the United States, and the future (pollution, energy solutions, water shortages, etc.).

Citizenship

• Community groups and their relationships.
• Group participation and cooperation.
• Similarities and differences (including tolerance of various customs, traditions, and religions).

Research

• Research a social studies topic and organize the information on notecards to produce an oral, visual, and written presentation.

I SS-El. Understand and apply the basic tools of historical research, including chronology and how to collect, interpret, and employ information from historical materials.

P0 1. Place key events on a timeline and apply chronological terms correctly, including B.C., A.D., decade, century, and generation.

P0 2. Identify primary and secondary sources historians use to construct an understanding of the past, using such sources as letters, diaries, newspaper articles, archeological evidence, maps and government records.

P0 4. Distinguish fact from fiction in historical novels and movies.

1 SS-E3. Describe Spanish and Mexican colonization and economic, social, and political interactions with the first inhabitants of Arizona, with emphasis on:

P0 2. the reasons for the early Spanish explorations, including those of Fray Marcos de Niza, Estevan, and Frasncisco Vasquez de Coronado.

P0 3. the reasons for Spanish colonization, including the establishment of missions, presidios and towns and impact on native inhabitants.

P0 4. the contributions of Father Kino

P0 5. the creation of unique, strongly held cultural identities from the Spanish and Indian heritage.

P0 6. the change of governance from Spain to Mexico.

I SS-E4. Describe the economic, social and political life in the Arizona Territory and the legacy of various cultural groups to modern Arizona, with emphasis on:

P0 1. how Arizona became a part of the United States through the Mexican Cession and the Gadsden Purchase.

P0 4. the importance and contributions of various occupations to the growing Arizona communities, including soldiers (Buffalo soldiers), miners, merchants, freighters, homemakers, ranchers, cowboys, farmers, and railway workers.

1 SS-ES. Describe the causes, course, and consequences of early European exploration of North America, with emphasis on:

P0 1. the reasons for European exploration of the Americas.

P0 2. the characteristics and results of various European expeditions, including those of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Hernando Cortes’, and Hernando de Soto

P0 3. the political, economic, and social impact on the indigenous peoples

I SS-E6. Describe the political, religious, and economic aspects of North American colonization, with emphasis on:

P0 1. the reasons for colonization, including religious freedom, desire for land, economic opportunity, and a new life.

P0 3. the importance of the religious aspects of the earliest colonies in shaping the new nation and the American principles

P0 4. key differences among the three colonial regions and the significance of key individual who founded the colonies, including William Penn, Lord Baltimore, and Roger Williams.

P0 5. interactions between American lndians and European settlers, including the agricultural and cultural exchanges and alliances and reasons for and the results of the conflicts

P0 6. the introduction and institutionalization of slavery, including the slave trade in Africa and the Middle Passage.

I SS-E7. Describe the causes, key individuals, and consequences of the American Revolution, with emphasis on:

P0 1. the causes, including the Tea Act, the Stamp Act, and the formation of the Sons of Liberty

P0 2. major turning points in the Revolutionary War and the importance of aid from France

P0 3. the influence of key personalities, including King George III, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Patrick Henry and Thomas Paine

2SS-E1. Describe the narrative of the people and events associated with the development of the United States Constitution and describe its significance to the foundation of the American republic, with emphasis on:

P0 1. the colonists’ shared sense of individualism, independence, and religious freedoni that developed before the Revolution

P0 4. the natural rights expressed in the Declaration of Independence

P0 5. the contributions and roles of major individuals, including George Washington, James Madison, and Benjamin Franklin

2SS-E2. Describe political philosophies and concepts of government that became the foundation for the American Revolution and United States government, with emphasis on:

P0. 2. how the Constitution is designed to secure our liberty by both empowering and limiting central government

P0 3. struggles over ratification and the creation of the Bill of Rights

P0 4. the separation of powers between the Congress, the president and the Supreme Court

2SS-E4. Identify concepts of government as expressed in the United States Constitution and explain the powers granted to the three branches of government and those reserved to the states, with emphasis on:

P0 2. the separation of powers through the development of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government

2SS-E5. Identify and describe a citizen’s fundamental constitutional rights, with emphasis on:

P0 1. freedom of religion, expression, assembly, and press

P0 2. right to a fair trial

P0 3. equal protection and due process

2S5-E7. Explain the obligations and responsibilities of citizenship.

3SS-El. Demonstrate understanding of the physical and human features that define places and regions in Arizona, including the use of geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret date.
 

SCIENCE CURRICULUM FOR 5TH Grade

• Each quarter will be devoted to a major set of objectives, set by state standards.
• One quarter will focus on a classroom science fair project. State standards that will be addressed are:

I SC-E3. Organize and present data gathered from their own experiences, using appropriate mathematical analyses and graphical representations.

1 SC-E4. Identify and refine questions from previous investigations.

1 SC-E6. Analyze scientific reports from magazines, television, or other media.

2SC-E3. Provide different explanations for a phenomenon; defend and refute the explanations.

2SC-E4. Identify characteristics of scientific ways of thinking.

2 SC-ES. Explain how scientific theory, hypothesis generation, and experimentation are interrelated.

• One quarter will be spent on Life Science. This will be accomplished by implementing a dissection unit. The depth of the unit will be modified for 5th and adjusted for 6th, and students will compare organ systems. The state standards addressed will be:

4SC-E2. Compare and contrast the basic structures, components and functions of various cells.

4SC-ED3. Explain the various levels of organization in relationship to structure and function within an organism, including cells, tissues and organs.

4SC-E4. Identify the systems involved in such vital functions as digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, movement, control and’ coordination.

4SC-E6. Describe the role of genes in heredity.

•  One Quarter will be spent on Space Science. We will work on an astronomy unit as well as tie in flight with an emphasis on rockets, hot air balloons, and aviation. Weather and its effect on flight will also be covered. The following state standards will be addressed:

65C-E2. Describe common objects in the solar system and explain their relationships.

65C-F7. Measure and record changes in weather conditions.

Understand basic elements of flight. This is not a state objective, but it will be included among those covered this quarter.

65C-E8. Describe and model large-scale and local weather systems.

6SC-E9. Describe the composition, properties and structure of the atmosphere.

• One quarter will be spent on earth science. The focus of this quarter will be on weather related phenomenon such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, drought or acid precipitation.

6SSC-F5. Identify major features of natural processes and forces that shape the earth’s surface, including weathering and volcanic activity.

6SC-E6. Describe the distribution and circulation of the world’s water through ocean currents, glaciers, rivers, ground water and atmosphere.

• Tie in the above quarter with the study of the river valley civilizations. Each was tied in to a river, thereby tying together science and social studies. Also bring in the currents of the ocean, and how the natural forces change a biome.